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๐Ÿ˜ฟ Fishes, young and old, are shrinking in Michiganโ€™s inland lakes (๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค?)

2025.11.16 | ์กฐํšŒ 39 |
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฑ…ํฌ ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฑ…ํฌ

๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด 2์ฃผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„? ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‰ด์Šค๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฒจ๋ถ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

Hello, ladies and gentlemen. I'm the "Environmental Bank" with all the worldwide environmental issues. Today, weโ€™ll take a closer look at the topic "Fishes, young and old, are shrinking in Michiganโ€™s inland lakes". 

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” "ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฑ…ํฌ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ "๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค?"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.

What is the issue?

Michiganโ€™s inland lake fish are getting smaller. A 75-year study from the University of Michigan shows that many species, especially the youngest and oldest individuals, have significantly declined in body size since 1945. Out of 125 species-age combinations, 58 showed measurable change, and 46 of them shrank. Climate change is the leading driver behind these long-term biological shifts.

๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?

๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด์žฅ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ 75๋…„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํญ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ 125๊ฐœ์˜ โ€˜์ข…-์—ฐ๋ นโ€™ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘ 58๊ฐœ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์ค‘ 46๊ฐœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์ž‘์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค.

 

 

Why are fish getting smaller?

Rising water temperatures, changing seasonal patterns, and altered climate variables are reshaping fish growth rates and metabolic demands. Warmer conditions accelerate some processes while disrupting others, resulting in slower overall growth for many species. Because environmental variables affect each species and age group differently, the changes are uneven but widespread.

Key factors include:

  • Increasing lake temperatures
  • Shorter or inconsistent ice cover
  • Shifts in seasonal food availability
  • Long-term metabolic stress caused by warming

 

์™œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

์ˆ˜์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน, ๊ณ„์ ˆ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๊ต๋ž€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์†๋„์™€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋’คํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด, ์ข…๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‘”ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์š”์ธ:

  • ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน
  • ์–ผ์Œ ๋ฎ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ• ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ
  • ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋จน์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค

 

 

Who is affected?

The most dramatic size declines are occurring in the youngest and oldest fish.

  • Young fish are now smaller and more vulnerable to gape-limited predators that can only swallow prey that fits in their mouths.
  • Old fish are losing the large body size that once helped them stabilize social behavior, learning patterns, and, indirectly, ecosystem health.

Both ends of the age spectrum play outsized roles, and shrinking sizes weaken their ability to sustain population growth and ecological balance.

 

์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค.

  • ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ž… ํฌ๊ธฐ(gape)์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ์‹์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋‚˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๋ชธ์ง‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด, ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™ ์•ˆ์ •, ํ•™์Šต ์ „ํŒŒ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋‘ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ ์œ ์ง€์™€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ท ํ˜•์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ถ•์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

 

 

Why does this matter for the ecosystem?

Smaller juveniles lead to higher predation rates, which can diminish current and future generations. Smaller older fish reduce social learning, dominance stability, and the resilience of fish communities. When both groups lose size simultaneously, the entire ecosystem becomes more fragile.

์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

์ž‘์•„์ง„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํฌ์‹ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋†“์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ฒด์žฅ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๋…ธ๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•™์Šต, ์šฐ์œ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์•ˆ์ •, ์ง‘๋‹จ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

 

Why does this matter for fisheries and people?

Michiganโ€™s Department of Natural Resources determines fishing regulations such as minimum size limits and harvest quotas. If fish continue shrinking, these policies may no longer match biological realities. Smaller fish could reduce recreational quality, affect local economies, and require new management strategies.

Implications for fisheries managers:

  • Size-based regulations may need revision
  • Stock assessments must account for climate-driven size changes
  • Harvest rules may shift to protect vulnerable age groups

์–ด์—…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€?

๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›๋ถ€(DNR)๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ ํฌํš ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํฌํš๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ž‘์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‚š์‹œ ์ž์›, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์–ด์ข… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ :

  • ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  • ์ž์› ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฒด์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  • ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํฌํš ๊ทœ์น™ ์กฐ์ • ํ•„์š”

 

 

How was the study conducted?

Researchers examined 75 years of fish observation cards from 1,497 inland lakes. Fish ages were determined by reading growth rings on scales, similar to tree-ring dating. Global volunteers helped digitize these records through Zooniverse, enabling large-scale analysis across species and decades. Support came from the NSF and the Michigan Institute for Data and AI in Society.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ 1,497๊ฐœ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ 75๋…„์น˜ ์–ด๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€์ธก ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„๋Š˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ง์„ ์ฝ์–ด ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด Zooniverse์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” NSF์™€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐยทAI ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

 

 

What comes next?

The team plans to expand the study using the University of Michigan Museum of Zoologyโ€™s archive of 3.5 million fish specimens. These historical samples will allow researchers to go further back in time and include more species, especially those not traditionally monitored for fisheries. Future work will also explore which specific climate variables are driving the most dramatic size changes.

Upcoming research directions:

  • Identifying which climate factors most affect size trends
  • Studying additional Michigan-native species
  • Integrating museum specimens into the dataset
  • Developing predictive models for fisheries management

์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€?

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋™๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ 350๋งŒ ์  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐํ›„ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ์™œ ์ข…๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ:

  • ์ฒด์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์•…
  • ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ† ์ข… ์–ด์ข… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ
  • ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์–ด์—… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

 

 

Wrap up

This study made me realize how subtle climate impacts can quietly reshape entire ecosystems. I was surprised that something as small as a change in body size could make young fish easier prey and weaken the roles of older fish. It also showed how decades of community data can reveal long-term shifts we wouldnโ€™t notice otherwise. Overall, it reminded me that even small biological changes can signal much larger stresses on our environment.

๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ 

์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค. ์ฒด์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์ด ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์› ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

*๋ณธ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ํ™˜์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.*

๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?

์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ ˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”

โœ‰๏ธ

์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ ์–ด๋– ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฑ…ํฌ ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ โ˜•๏ธ ์ปคํ”ผ์™€ โœ‰๏ธ ์ชฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

๋Œ“๊ธ€

์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”

ํ™•์ธ
์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š” !

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