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๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ

๐ŸŒŽ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์›”๋“œ์— ์–ด์„œ ์™€! : ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™•๊ตญ, ๋™๋งน์€ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ?

Foreign Affairs (2025 Mar/Apr), The World Trump Wants

2025.03.18 | ์กฐํšŒ 65 |
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ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ

Foreign Affairs ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ›‘์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ ์›น์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
๋” ๊น”๋”ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฝ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”!

 

[ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ] 3์›” ์…‹์งธ์ฃผ ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ

 

The World Trump Wants :

American Power in the New Age of Nationalism

Foreign Affairs (2025 Mar/Apr), The World Trump WantsArtwork depicting Trump, Putin, and Xi at an art gallery in Crimea, Ukraine, February 2025Alexey Pavlishak / Reuters
Foreign Affairs (2025 Mar/Apr), The World Trump Wants
Artwork depicting Trump, Putin, and Xi at an art gallery in Crimea, Ukraine, February 2025
Alexey Pavlishak / Reuters

 

๐ŸŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?

 

๐Ÿ› ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„, ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค?

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •์น˜์  ์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฒ ํ•™์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์™”์–ด์š”. 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด, ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์„ธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์˜์ž(Three-legged stool)โ€™ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ์™”์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์™€์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”๊ณ , ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์ฃ .

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํŠนํžˆ, 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ต ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํœ˜ํƒœ์ปค ์ฒด์ž„๋ฒ„์Šค(Whitaker Chambers)์˜ ใ€ŠWitnessใ€‹(1952)์™€ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฒˆํ–„(James Burnham)์˜ ใ€ŠSuicide of the Westใ€‹(1964) ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €์„œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋ จ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์  ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์  ์ „ํ†ต์„ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›์•„, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋Œ€์ค‘์ฃผ์˜(ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜) ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทน์šฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์‹ ์šฐํŒŒ(New Right) ์„ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃผ์˜, ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ€˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜โ€™๋ฅผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ํ–‰๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด, ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜์—๋„ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .

 

๐Ÿ‘‹ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค, ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ์ž๋„์ƒ ์‹œ๋Œ€?

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋™๋งน ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ด ์™”์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ค„ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋„ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ†  ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋น„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋ผโ€๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—†์ด๋„ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์••๋ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋น„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•ˆ๋ณด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .

๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ ์  ์ €๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

 

๐Ÿ— ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ?

์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํŒจ๊ถŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œยท๊ธฐ์ˆ ยท์ด๋…์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ๋กœ(Belt and Road Initiative)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒดยทAIยท๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๊ถŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.

๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ยท์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œยท๊ธฐ์ˆ ยท์ž์›๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™์›ํ•ด ํŒจ๊ถŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—์š”.

 

โš–๏ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋ ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์†์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๋งž์ดํ• ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•ด์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๊ทนํ™”๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋กœ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด์ œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—์š”. ๐Ÿ”

 

๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ ์ €์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?

 

๋งˆ์ดํด ํ‚ด๋ฏธ์ง€ (Michael Kimmage)

๋งˆ์ดํด ํ‚ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(The Catholic University of America) ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ฒธ ํ•™๊ณผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž์˜ˆ์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ธฐํš์‹ค์—์„œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ยท์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋žต๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(CSIS) ์„ ์ž„ ๋น„์ƒ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ-๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ, ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Foreign Affairs, The New Republic, Wall Street Journal ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งค์ฒด์— ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €์„œ Collisions: The Origins of War in Ukraine and the New Global Instability (2024)์—์„œ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์กฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

โœ… ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 3์ค„ ์š”์•ฝ์€?

 

1๏ธโƒฃ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ด๋…์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ต ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜(ๅ)์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธยท๋ฐ˜(ๅ)๊ตญ์ œ์ฃผ์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2๏ธโƒฃ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ 2๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์  ์™ธ๊ต ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์‹œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3๏ธโƒฃ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ยท์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿคท ๋ญ˜ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฐ?

 

์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ โ€œํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ๊ต ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐ŸŒ ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”: โ€˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์žโ€™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€

๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ๋๋‚œ ์ดํ›„ 20์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ๋„, ๊ทœ๋ฒ”, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ํ‘ธํ‹ด, ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘, ๋ชจ๋””, ์—๋ฅด๋„์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ์•ž์„ธ์šด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ „๋žต์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ† (NATO) ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ต ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋™๋งน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ด์ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ๋„ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ“– ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ด๋…: ๋ฐ˜์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ”ํžˆ 1930๋…„๋Œ€์˜ โ€˜์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ํผ์ŠคํŠธ(America First)โ€™ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ต ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์  ์ €์„œ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1๏ธโƒฃ ํœ˜ํƒœ์ปค ์ฒด์ž„๋ฒ„์Šค(Whittaker Chambers)์˜ ใ€ŠWitnessใ€‹(1952)
์ฒด์ž„๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋ จ์— ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ใ€ŠWitnessใ€‹๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2๏ธโƒฃ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฒˆํ–„(James Burnham)์˜ ใ€ŠSuicide of the Westใ€‹(1964)
๋ฒˆํ–„์€ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธ๋ช…ยท๊ตญ๊ฐ€ยท๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ œ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ โ€˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜โ€™์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3๏ธโƒฃ ํŒป ๋ทฐ์บ๋„Œ(Pat Buchanan)์˜ ใ€ŠThe Death of the Westใ€‹(2002)
๋ทฐ์บ๋„Œ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ยท๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ โ€˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์  ์ „ํ†ต์„ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด๋“ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ตœํ›„์˜ ๋ณด๋ฃจ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ค์ž ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ค์ง ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ”ฅ ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜, ๋” ์ปค์งˆ๊นŒ?

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ 1๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ตญ์ œ ์ •์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ค‘๋™์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์•ˆ๋ณด์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„ ๋’คํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์›์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํด๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ๋ฐœํŠธ 3๊ตญ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ข…๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋‚˜์„ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์กด์‹ฌ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์–‘๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

โš–๏ธ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์™ธ๊ต, ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ํฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜-ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ํ•ต ๋น„ํ™•์‚ฐ, ๊ตฐ๋น„ ํ†ต์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ด์Šˆ์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๊ฐ€์น˜ ์™ธ๊ตโ€™์™€๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ”ฎ ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„, ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŒจ๊ถŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1๏ธโƒฃ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ
์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ „ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2๏ธโƒฃ ๋ฏธยท๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ต ๋น„ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ๋น„ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3๏ธโƒฃ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋™๋งน ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4๏ธโƒฃ ๋ฏธยท์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„
๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

5๏ธโƒฃ ์ค‘๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ
๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์™ธ๊ต์  ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ž€, ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ •์น˜์  ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์›์น™์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋™๋งน๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณ ์กฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ“– ์ฝ์€ ํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ณด์ž!

์•„์˜ˆ ์•ˆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์• ๋งคํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”? ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”! ๐Ÿ˜†

 

๐Ÿ”ฅ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด๋‹ค

"In the two decades that followed the Cold Warโ€™s end, globalism gained ground over nationalism. Simultaneously, the rise of increasingly complex systems and networksโ€”institutional, financial, and technologicalโ€”overshadowed the role of the individual in politics. But in the early 2010s, a profound shift began. By learning to harness the tools of this century, a cadre of charismatic figures revived the archetypes of the previous one: the strong leader, the great nation, the proud civilization."


 

๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”(globalism)๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜(nationalism)๋ฅผ ์••๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ , ๊ธˆ์œต์ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ ์  ํ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์›ํ˜•(archetypes)์„ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž(strong leader), ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€(great nation), ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…(proud civilization)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ”๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

 

โš– ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ?

"In the years to come, the kind of order these leaders fashion will greatly depend on Trumpโ€™s second term. It was, after all, the U.S.-led order that had encouraged the development of supranational structures following the Cold War. Now that the United States has joined the twenty-first-century dance of nations, it will often call the tune. With Trump in power, conventional wisdom in Ankara, Beijing, Moscow, New Delhi, and Washington (and many other capitals) will decree that there is no one system and no agreed-on set of rules."

 

ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๊ธฐ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์ดํ›„ ์ดˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ โ€˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€โ€™์— ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ํ•˜ ์•™์นด๋ผ(ํ„ฐํ‚ค), ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•(์ค‘๊ตญ), ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”(๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„), ๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ(์ธ๋„), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด(๋ฏธ๊ตญ) ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ํ†ต๋…์€ โ€œํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์—†๋‹คโ€๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 

โš” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ โ€˜๋ฌธ๋ช… ์ถฉ๋Œ Liteโ€™โ€”์ด๋…๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค

"In some ways, these leaders and their visions evoke โ€œthe clash of civilizationsโ€ that the political scientist Samuel Huntington, writing in the early 1990s, imagined would drive global conflict after the Cold War. But they do so in a manner that is often performative and flexible rather than categorical and overzealous. It is the clash of civilizations lite: a series of gestures and a style of leadership that can reconfigure competition over (and cooperation on) economic and geopolitical interests as a contest among crusading civilization-states."

 

์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ „์€ ์ •์น˜ํ•™์ž ์ƒˆ๋ฎค์–ผ ํ—ŒํŒ…ํ„ด์ด 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์ด๋Œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์—ด์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํš์ผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ข…์ข… ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ Lite๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ(๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ) ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜์™€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๐ŸŒ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ 2๊ธฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

โ€œAlongside such worst-case scenarios, consider how Trumpโ€™s second term could also improve a deteriorating international situation. A combination of workmanlike U.S. relations with Beijing and Moscow, a nimble approach to diplomacy in Washington, and a bit of strategic luck might not necessarily lead to major breakthroughs, but it could produce a better status quo. Not an end to the war in Ukraine, but a reduction in its intensity. Not a resolution of the Taiwan dilemma, but guardrails to prevent a major war in the Indo-Pacific. Not a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but some form of U.S. detente with a weakened Iran, and the emergence of a viable government in Syria.โ€

 

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ 2๊ธฐ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•(์ค‘๊ตญ)๊ณผ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”(๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„)์™€์˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด(๋ฏธ๊ตญ)์˜ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ํ–‰์šด์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์—†์„์ง€๋ผ๋„, ์ธ๋„-ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜-ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ข…๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋œ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์™„ํ™”๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„(detente)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿคจ ์ด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏฟ์–ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ?

๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?

 

๐Ÿ”ฅ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ์„œ? ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋งŒ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?

๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญํ•™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ „๋žต ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์™ธ๊ต ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋น„์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์™ธ๊ต์— ์น˜์šฐ์ณ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. WHO ํƒˆํ‡ด, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐํ›„ํ˜‘์•ฝ ํƒˆํ‡ด, NATO ๋™๋งน๊ตญ ์••๋ฐ• ๋“ฑ์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์งˆ์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” โ€œ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ์„œโ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ์ถ•์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?

 

โš–๏ธ ๋™๋งน์„ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ“จ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, โ€œ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” 29%๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์ผˆ(46%), ๋งˆํฌ๋กฑ(41%), ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ‘ธํ‹ด(33%)๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ๋Œ€ 75ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. NATO ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์›์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋™๋งน์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?

 

๐Ÿšจ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ •? ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ‡ด๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ

๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋‹ค์ž์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ โ€˜์žฌ์กฐ์ •โ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ WHO ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ์ค‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰ ์ค‘ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ€œ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฒฝ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹ค์ž ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

 

๐Ÿ“œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์™ธ๊ต, ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ โ€˜๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์™ธ๊ตโ€™๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ๊ต ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ƒ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

ํŠนํžˆ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‘ธํ‹ด, ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฐ˜, ๋นˆ ์‚ด๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…์žฌ์  ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ์™”์–ด์š”. ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์›์„ ํฌ์†Œ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๋งž๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋„ ๊ตญ์ œ ์™ธ๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”๊ตฐ๋‹ค๋‚˜, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์ถฉ์ˆ˜โ€**๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์™ธ๊ต๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ต ์ „๋žต์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์š”.

 

๐Ÿค” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต๋Š” โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ์„œโ€™์ธ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด โ€˜์งˆ์„œ ๋ถ•๊ดดโ€™์ธ๊ฐ€?

๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ถ•๊ดด์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™๋งน ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ โ€˜์งˆ์„œ ์žฌํŽธโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๐ŸŒ

 

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค

 

1๏ธโƒฃ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ?

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„, ํ‘ธํ‹ด, ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘, ๋ชจ๋””, ์—๋ฅด๋„์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”? ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?

2๏ธโƒฃ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์ „์Ÿ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?

3๏ธโƒฃ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์™ธ๊ต, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ๊นŒ, ๋‚ฎ์ถœ๊นŒ?

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ด์ต์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?

 

๐Ÿ˜Š ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค!

 

Hereโ€™s how to mitigate some of Trumpโ€™s most dangerous foreign policy instincts (The Guardian, Nov 18, 2024)

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์— ์ž…์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ทธ์˜ โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜(America First)โ€ ์™ธ๊ต๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ๊ฑฐ์น ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ โ€˜์–ด๋ฅธ๋“คโ€™์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง์ด์ฃ .

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์นœ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฅด์‹œ์‹œ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ โ€˜๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿค”

 

Trumpโ€™s Foreign Policy: Three Lessons For Asia (Forbes, Dec 7, 2024)

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ด์ต์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™๋งน ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ โ€˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐโ€™๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ •์น˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์—ญยท์ด๋ฏผยท์•ˆ๋ณด ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ํž˜์“ฐ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์—ญยทํˆฌ์ž ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.

 

๐Ÿ’ญ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž์˜ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์—†์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š”,
๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?

 

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ Foreign Affairs 2025 Mar/Aprํ˜ธ์˜ The World Trump Wants ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๋‹ค์Œํ™” ์˜ˆ๊ณ 

๐Ÿ”ฅ ์ค‘๋™, ๋ถˆ์”จ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœโ€ฆ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์žˆ๋‹ค?

์ฒจ๋ถ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

๐Ÿ“– ์ •์น˜์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์—†๋Š” ์žฌ๊ฑด, ์ค‘๋™์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๐ŸŒโš–๏ธ

๊ฐ€์ž์™€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํํ—ˆ ์†, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๐Ÿšจ

 

3์›” ์…‹์งธ์ฃผ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋” ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!

๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?

์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ ˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”

โœ‰๏ธ

์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ ์–ด๋– ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?

ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ โ˜•๏ธ ์ปคํ”ผ์™€ โœ‰๏ธ ์ชฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

๋Œ“๊ธ€

์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”

ํ™•์ธ
์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š” !

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ

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